Lignin: Renewable Raw Material for Adhesive

Lignin – an Adhesive Raw Material of the Future or Waste of Research Energy?

Lignin has been studied as an adhesive for more than 100 years, but there are only a few industrial applications. The reason for the current interest is the high availability and low price of lignin. Lignin is the main by-product of paper pulping processes and is typically burned as fuel. Being the natural glue in plants and having a phenolic nature makes lignins an attractive replacement for w...

Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes.

In this study, biodiesel was produced from sludge palm oil (SPO) using tolune-4-sulfonic monohydrate acid (PTSA) as an acid catalyst in different dosages in the presence of methanol to convert free fatty acid (FFA) to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), followed by a transesterification process using an alkaline catalyst. In the first step, acid catalyzed esterification reduced the high FFA content...

Oleaginous yeasts form Uruguay and Antarctica as renewable raw material for biodiesel production

In the present study a screening of oleaginous yeasts from different habitats nearby Montevideo, Uruguay, was carried out. Four yeast strains previously isolated from soil from Fildes Peninsula, in the Antarctic region, were also included in the study. More than 75% of the obtained isolates were characterized as oleaginous though only four of them (two from Antarctica and two from Uruguay) were...

Cork – A Renewable Raw Material: Forecast of Industrial Potential and Development Priorities

*Correspondence: Ana Paula Duarte, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, Gabinete 5-1.10, Torre Sul, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal e-mail: anapduarte@tecnico. ulisboa.pt This article aims to report the main applications of cork material from ancient times until nowadays, describing its industrial potential for o...

Mineral Processing Mineral , renewable and secondary raw material processing – current engineering challenges